Stained glass, vitraux
Made by mineral acids pieces of glass which are restrained by strips of lead and can be painted. This type of art has probably its roots in the Middle East, where stained pieces of glass were placed in a plaster frame. In Europe, the most remarkable samples are found in churches of the period between the 11th and the 16th century. The success in the execution of one stained was determined by using not only rich colors on the glass, but also a heavy frame of lead, which laid the bases of the general plan. In the 17th century, the simple technique of painting with enamel on clean glass gradually replaced the old method. In the end of the 20th century, there was a tendency of revival of this type by the expressionists and other artists (Rouo, Chagall, etc.)