Dada
Art movement that began in 1916 in Zurich. The protagonists were poets and painters who had taken refuge in neutral Switzerland during the First World War and gathered in Cabaret Voltaire de Hugo Bal. Under the influence of F. Picabia, Tzara was introduced in 1918 as the main representative of the movement and wrote the Dada’s Manifesto (1918). The Dadaists’ works were basically nihilistic gestures and challenges. With the encouragement of Breton and other members of the Parisian group of the journal ”Litterature”, Tzara moved to Paris in 1920, giving new impetus to the movement. In 1922, however, the Parisian Dada was "dissolved" and most of the protagonists continued their action within the surrealist movement. Meanwhile, Dada’s movements had appeared in other art centers of Europe. In Cologne, with Ernst, Johannes Baargeld and Arp (later), and in Berlin, with Johannes Baader, George Grosz, Raoul Hausmann, John Heartfield, Hertzfelde, and Richard Huelsenbeck. The special feature of Berlin’s Dada was the strong tendency of politicization and the participation in the powerful, in the period immediately after the First World War, political movement radical.