Mannerism
Term refers to: a) any kind of pretension to the style and b) especially in Italian painting, sculpture and architecture of the period between the apogee of Renaissance and Baroque. In architecture, the difference from Renaissance is in conscious opposition to the classical rules (leading to discord and tension rather than harmony and serenity) and from Baroque in creating a sense of ambiguity and anxiety rather than vitality and confidence (through non-merger of the components in a single field line). These tendencies in architecture, occurring for the first time with Michelangelo's lobby in Laurentian Library in Florence (1523), characterize, in most part, the work of Giulio Romano, Amanatti, Ligorio, Buontalenti and Vignole, and also the English and French architecture of next few years. As to painting, already in Michelangelo’s work is observed a tendency towards innovations and stimulation of the viewer, which will lead to sophisticated elongated forms or in bizarre postures, the asymmetric configurations with large differences in scale and 'coarse' colors. Although Michelangelo (latest works), Tintoretto and El Greco can be considered "fathers" of Mannerism, the dominance of this new style is more evident in the works of painters and sculptors such as Parmigianino, Rosso, Pontormo, Daniele da Volterra, Niccolò dell'Abbate, Bronzino, Cellini et Giovanni Da Bologna.