Constructivism
An aesthetic movement which initially broke out in Russia. Based on the futuristic worship of the machine and expressed for first time with "relief works" (1913-7) of Tatline. Its basic principles crystallized and took the importance of a movement in 1921-2, when Muscovite abstract painters split into those who advocated the principle of "pure" art and those who supported a utilitarian and propagandistic art. The second group became known as "constructivists" or "artists engineers". In their efforts to overcome the isolation of the artist from the society, constructivists have expanded to the scope of the industrial design, theater, film and architecture. Apart from the famous Monument about the 3rd International (1919-1920) of Tatlin, as constructivist buildings can be considered, the Mausoleum of Lentin and the building of Izvestia which are both in Moscow. The constructionist principles also "produced" the first examples of "new typography" and innovative works in the field of poster and design exhibitions (Soviet pavilion of the Exposition Press in 1930 in Cologne, designed by Lissitzky). Through Kandinsky, Gambia and Moholy-Nagy, the constructionist ideas have played an important role in shaping, the so-called "international functionalist style" in architecture and in the industrial design of Western Europe.