Vkhutemas
The, literally, Higher Government Technical-Artistic Studios, that were founded by the Soviet government in Moscow (1920), St. Petersburg (1921) and Vitebsk (1921). Vchoutemas were autonomous in their operation and soon evolved important, quite openly, experimental and innovative teaching centers of searches and theoretical considerations (Constructivism Malevich Kandinsky Pevsner Tatlin). The Vchoutemas of Moscow in particular, were actually renaming the old Institute of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture and not directly were financed by the state but from the semi-autonomous unions. Other institutions that reinforce the experimental trends in art were: Inchouk (Institute of Artistic Education), which was founded in Moscow in 1920 and was led by Kandinsky the Svomas (Free Workshops) in Petersburg, which for a short time substituted the academy of Fine Arts (reopened in 1920) and the movement Prolekoult (Proletarian Culture). By creating AkhRR (Artists Union Her Revolutionary Russia) in 1922, tolerance, and more likely the support, to any avant fell. The appeal of bonded by the journal LEF (Left Front of Art) for anti-constructivist art led to the shift her leadership in industrial design (about 1922-4).